However, the business closed in 1882, and Milton traveled the country honing his trade before opening a location in Lancaster for his third confectionery business specializing in caramels. All Rights Reserved. Penn's goal with Pennsylvania was to create a colony that allowed for freedom of religion. Kelly, Martin. Concurrently, restrictions were placed on finished goods. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/key-facts-about-the-pennsylvania-colony-103879. A council was assembled to help rule with the governor. The assembly officials were elected by the people of Pennsylvania to be representatives of the people. In the colonial era, the commonly held idea was that good housewives would raise good children who would become upstanding citizens in the community. In 1739, about one hundred fugitive slaves killed twenty whites on their way to Florida and were killed themselves when captured. The worst nuclear accident in United States history occurred on March 28, 1979, on Three Mile Island near Harrisburg. He established a government in which citizens elected representatives to an assembly that made the laws. The Pennsylvania colony was officially established by a newly converted aristocratic Quaker, William Penn. The land he received was rich with natural resources including two river valleys, extensive forests and a large portion of the Appalachian Mountains. Middle Colonies - Government In some districts of the sparsely populated South Carolina colony, blacks outnumbered whites by as much as eight to one, and they were able to retain their African culture more than slaves who were taken to Virginia or Maryland. In addition, the pacifism exemplified by Penn helped launch several treaties with the local Native Americans. Instead of a king, there was a governor and the two houses consisted of the Provincial Council and the General Assembly, modeled roughly after the British parliamentary structure. The first English charter to colonize land in the New World that is today known as Pennsylvania was set forth by King Charles II as a way to repay William Penn, a member of upper-class nobility, whose father had lent the king money before his death. Pennsylvania - History Penn, on behalf of the Quakers, initially sought peace with the Lenape, one of the most prominent Native American tribes that occupied the region. Private schools are largely supported by tuition. Moisture from the air keeps it cool and humid as well as maintains a level of moisture in the ground, therefore making very suited for agriculture. The Declaration of Independence was signed in Philadelphia's Independence Hall. The Pennsylvania Colony: A Quaker Experiment in America - ThoughtCo The Colony and Its Organization Enlightenment and Religious Revival. At the top of the hierarchy were the wealthy landowners and merchants, followed by the middle class of skilled tradesmen and shopkeepers. On small farms throughout the colonies and in the backcountry, they also worked the fields and cared for livestock alongside their husbands and children. The treaty's duration was for "as long as water flows and the sun shines and grass grows." Pennsylvanias industry extended overseas and brought over more people from Germany, the Far East and South America. The lowest rank were the African slaves, which were present in all of colonial America. Middle colonies - Students | Britannica Kids | Homework Help The Quakers were among the most radical of the English Protestant sects that had sprung up in the 17th century. The conflict resulted in the War of Regulation, in which the western insurgents were crushed at the Battle of Alamance Creek on May 16, 1771. He set up the colony as one of religious freedom. Pennsylvania is the first state of the fifty United States to list their web site URL on a license plate. It was not uncommon at all for a woman to have eight children and more than forty grandchildren. Freedom of worship and religion was granted to all citizens. Pennsylvanias capital, Philadelphia, was the site of the first and second Continental Congresses in 1774 and 1775, the latter of which produced the Declaration of Independence, sparking the American Revolution. A significant development was that of hospitals specializing in orthopedic and mental care and the treatment of specific problems such as drug and alcohol abuse. William Penn was appointed by King Charles II to be governor of Pennsylvania in 1682. There are also more than 50 private colleges and universities in Pennsylvania. The Second Frame of Government of April 1683 replaced the first frame. Pennsylvania has retained strong elements of folk culture among its diverse ethnic groups. These generous terms induced many to set out for the New World. In the year 1769, Pennsylvania and Delaware as well as the rest of the colonies were still upholding and basing their laws of of England's Common Law.The Common Law stated . Create your own unique website with customizable templates. This is where the Declaration of Independence was written and signed. Founding and History of the New Jersey Colony, Colonial Governments of the Original 13 Colonies, Biography of Benjamin Franklin, Printer, Inventor, Statesman, Germans in the American Revolutionary War, The Most Important Inventions of the Industrial Revolution, William Penn's Experiment in the Wilderness: Promise and Legend, William Penn and Toleration: Foundations of Colonial Pennsylvania. The City of Brotherly Love as it's known is where the Continental Congress held its first meeting and where the Declaration of Independence, U.S. Constitution and the Gettysburg Address were written. Tobacco remained the most important cash crop around Chesapeake Bay, but the volatility of tobacco prices encouraged planters to diversify. Franklin D. Roosevelts New Deal in the 1930s, social services have expanded greatly. The slave numbers increased, as had the white population, through a combination of immigration, albeit forced, and natural increase. The colony of Pennsylvania had a mild climate with coastal plains, plateaus and mountains. 1 See , for example Lawrence Stone "Social Mobility in England 1500-1700," Past and Present, no. The expansion of slavery. Pennsylvania today. The gentry were the rich class. In addition, the General Assembly adopted the Great Law, which provided for the liberty of conscience in terms of religious affiliations. Between the Civil War and the 1920s, state government was, with a few exceptions in the late 19th century, controlled by the Republican Party. Urban women, freed from such domestic chores as spinning and candle making (cloth and candles could be purchased in the cities), had somewhat more leisure time, and they might help their husbands in their shop or tavern. It would not be until 1703 that Delaware would separate itself from Pennsylvania. The Hershey Chocolate Factory was completed in 1905. By Rudolph J. Walther, revised by ushistory.org. Women were viewed as weaker and had to give total respect to the men. Puritans Who Had Believed That Only A Few Were Predestined By Being Penn and his friends came up from Chester in an open boat and landed on the low and sandy beach at Dock Creek, it is believed. Above the slaves were the white indentured servants, people who payed their way to America by selling years of labor. CliffsNotes study guides are written by real teachers and professors, so no matter what you're studying, CliffsNotes can ease your homework headaches and help you score high on exams. Pennsylvania was among three of the original 13 colonies that were given provincial charters. Published: March 8, 2019. The assembly officials were elected by the people of Pennsylvania to be representatives of the people. What were the various classes into which colonial society - Socratic Other schools with major reputations are Bryn Mawr College (1880), one of the Seven Sisters schools; Haverford College (1833) and Swarthmore College (1864), which are Quaker schools; and Villanova University (1842), a Roman Catholic institutionall near Philadelphia. Penn allowed for a representative assembly elected by landowners. By Eduardo Peters / August 15, 2022. Pennsylvania has more than 100 four-year colleges and universities in addition to numerous two-year colleges. The town of Philadelphia was located in 1682, "having a high and dry land next to the water, with a shore ornamented with a fine view of pine trees growing upon it.". Pennsylvania was one of the Middle colonies, along with New York, New Jersey, Maryland and Delaware. Although the original colonies were given a general set of governmental guidelines from the British government, Pennsylvania set its own standards. The council could call together, as well as dismiss, the assembly whenever its members saw fit to do so. The New England and Middle colonies (article) | Khan Academy All Assembly regulations must be uniform throughout each class, and no community can secure preferential treatment. Social Structure - S&M The rather modest houses of even the most prosperous farmers of the seventeenth century had given way to spacious mansions in the eighteenth century. The descendants of the Dutch patroons and the men who received lands from the English royal governors controlled estates in the middle colonies. What Is the Climate and Geography of Pennsylvania Colony? - Reference.com The crops they grewbarley, wheat, and oatswere the same as those grown in England, so they had little export value compared with the staples of the southern plantations. Senators are elected for four-year terms and representatives for two-year terms. Smaller cities have various governmental forms, while boroughs have elected councils and mayors with limited powers. It was not uncommon for a woman to manage her husband's business after his death. 5, 2023, thoughtco.com/key-facts-about-the-pennsylvania-colony-103879. Around the early 1900s, educational opportunities became more readily available through expanding colleges and universities. The governing principles it adopted were based on Quaker values of religious tolerance and participatory government. The Articles of Confederation were also drafted in Pennsylvania, the document that formed the basis of the new Confederation that was created at the end of the Revolutionary War. Population of Pennsylvania in 1700: 17,950. The middle class were farmers and merchants. The government included a representative legislature with popularly elected officials. In 1765 it began the first institution for the study of medicine in the state. Pennsylvania Pennsylvania Colony was a proprietary colony founded when William Penn was awarded a charter by King Charles II in 1681. This governor could decree, discontinue or dissolve a piece of legislature, as well as veto any laws that he saw fit. In 1903, the Boston Americans and Pittsburgh Pirates competed against each other in the first official World Series of Major League Baseball at Exposition Park in Pittsburgh. Carlisle was the site of the Carlisle Indian Industrial School from 1879 to 1918; the facility became the home of the U.S. Army War College in 1951. What Caused the Rise of the Democrats & the Whigs. The state department of education establishes statewide standards for teacher certification and curricula and apportions money to the local school districts. The state government became a seat of boss rule. This party domination was broken in the 1930s, and since then the governor and General Assembly have been about evenly divided between Republicans and Democrats. Colonial trade and industry. After he died, Penn gave control of the land to his sons, John and Thomas, who were known to sell parts of the land without consent from the local tribes. Our Demographics. Native Americans - Although William Penn was granted . In 1909 the first baseball stadium was built in Pittsburgh. But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! Dating from the 18th century are Dickinson College (1773), in Carlisle; Franklin and Marshall College (1787), in Lancaster; and Washington and Jefferson College (1787), in Washington.