In the years surrounding the turn of the twentieth century, the towns of Elwood, Anderson and Gas City in Grant and Madison Counties, located northeast of Indianapolis, attracted scores of Welsh Immigrants, including many large families and young industrial workers. var current_date = new Date(); month_value = current_date.getMonth(); day_value = current_date.getDate(); year_value = current_date.getFullYear(); document.write( months[month_value] ); Welsh Immigration to America - First Migrants - Wales - Early - Facts - Immigration Timeline - Immigration to US 1800's - Immigration to US 1900's - Overview - Migration Flow - Timeline - Immigration History - Immigration Stats - Immigration Statistics - Wales - Immigration - Welsh Immigration - Emigration - Migrants - Immigrants - Immigration History - US - USA - Stats - America - Dates - Wales - Timeline - United States Immigration - Immigration to US 1800's - Immigration to US 1700's - Kids - Children - Schools - Wales - History - Timeline - Homework - Wales - Teachers - Wales - Education - Welsh Immigration to America. The Welsh were especially numerous and politically active and elected 9% of the members of the Pennsylvania Provincial Council. 610. By 1857, the number of Welsh speakers was so numerous that the Minnesota State Constitution had to be translated into the Welsh language. [43] The Madog Center for Welsh Studies is located at the University of Rio Grande. Panelists include David Williams, . Many Welsh people found a sense of belonging by joining the St. David's Society of Pittsburgh as early as 1882. The second eisteddfod was held in 1866 in Judson, in the log chapel, with the Rev. The Welsh Tract, also called the Welsh Barony, was a portion of the U.S. state of Pennsylvania settled largely by Welsh-speaking Quakers. This page was last edited on 9 December 2022, at 11:26. [16], Welsh settlement in Ohio began in 1801, when a group of Welsh-speaking pioneers migrated from Cambria, Pennsylvania to Paddy's Run, which is now the site of Shandon, Ohio. Greenslade's papers are archived at the National Library of Wales. The Royal Colony of North Carolina - The Welsh Settlers The most significant early Welsh emigrants to America settled in the "Welsh Tract" of Pennsylvania. John Simcock, from England 1682 to Chester Co. Pennsylvania (The Genealogist magazine), Lookup Request Pennsylvania Genealogical Mag Issue 31:2, Comments on William Hunt d 1694 Pennsylvania, Heads up re: new pre-1700 profile for Somerset/Pennsylvania Quaker, Correcting Samuel Burgess of Bucks, Pennsylvania (___-1714), Origins of the different Pennock family lines in Early Pennsylvania. Then the wave of Welsh immigration decreased. The Brynmawr - Scranton Connection [15], According to Marcus Tanner, "In Ohio State, Jackson and Gallia counties in particular became a 'Little Wales', where Welsh settlers were sufficiently thick on the ground by the 1830s to justify the establishment of Calvinistic Methodist synods. The annual Los Angeles St. David's Day Festival, celebrates Welsh heritage through performance, workshops, and outdoor marketplace. See Canada Emigration and Immigration for further information. There is no complete nationwide index to birth, marriage, or death records before 1837. Welsh miners, shepherds and shop merchants arrived in California during the Gold Rush (184951), as well the Pacific Northwest and Rocky Mountain States since the 1850s. Poles of Pittsburgh and Western Pennsylvania The USCIS Genealogy Program is a fee-for-service program that provides researchers with timely access to historical immigration and naturalization records of deceased immigrants. Fact 4 - 1586: Wales was incorporated with England in the 1586 Act of Union. The National Welsh Gymanfa Ganu Association holds the National Festival of Wales yearly in various locations around the country, offering seminars on various cultural items, a marketplace for Welsh goods, and the traditional Welsh hymn singing gathering (the gymanfa ganu). From 1881 to 1920 a Welsh immigrants to America totaled 53,768 - a miniscule amount compared to the millions of other immigrants. Morgan John Rhys. TheWelshinPennsylvania T heWelshhavehadanimpactupon Pennsylvania'ssocietyandculturesincethe foundingof thecolonyin1681.Severalwavesof Welshimmigrantsgentry . Pittsburgh and Western Pennsylvania was the destination of many of these early pioneers. The Welsh were some of the first settlers in the Pennsylvania colony. "; There were legal disputes concerning ownership of the land and many of the migrants moved on to Ohio. [41] In 1951 the National Gymanfa Association of the United States and Canada sponsored a collection of Welsh books at the Harold B. Lee Library at Brigham Young University. Later, between 1856 and 1867, there was an attempt by Samuel Roberts to establish a Welsh colony at Brynffynnon, Tennessee. I was looking at them again last night wondering where to start. The parties agreed on a tract covering 40,000 acres (160km2), to be constituted as a separate county whose people and government could conduct their affairs in Welsh. Following the American Civil War, 104 Welsh immigrant families moved from Pennsylvania to East Tennessee. Thomas S. Hinde claimed that in 1799, six soldiers had been dug up near Jeffersonville, Indiana on the Ohio River with breastplates that contained Welsh coat of arms. [44] In Portland, the West Coast Eisteddfod is a yearly Welsh event focusing on art competitions and performance in the bardic tradition. In Pursuit of the Quarry: Pennsylvania's Slate Belt If the immigrant was born less than 100 years ago, you will also need to provide proof of his/her death. Would you like to join the William Penn and Early Pennsylvania Settlers project? A few Welshmen were transported as prisoners, while some settled voluntarily in Australia. Before 1890, Wales was the world's leading producer of tinplate, especially as used for canned foods. Welsh Americans - Wikipedia Welsh immigrants to Pennsylvania 1682 +8 votes 381 views I've been working with the Pennsylvania Settlers project creating profiles for the immigrants that came to Pennsylvania in 1681 and 1682 with William Penn. History of Welsh Immigration to America in the 1700's: The American War of IndependenceWelsh Immigration to America continued into the 1700's, the period in which conflict began to grow between Britain and the colonies. After 1850, many Welsh sought out farms in the Midwest. There was a large concentration of Welsh people in the Appalachian section of Southeast Ohio, such as Jackson County, Ohio, which was nicknamed "Little Wales". A digital version of the original book, in Welsh, is available on-line. Pennsylvania Maritime History and Shipbuilding during the 1800s. The The ancient Welsh language survived and is now taught in all schools in Wales. Thus Welsh folk occasionally eat Welsh cakes, bara brith, leek soup, and lamb on St. David's Day in honor of the patron saint of Wales. [7], The proportion of the population with a name of Welsh origin ranges from 9.5% in South Carolina to 1.1% in North Dakota. Welsh Immigration to America in the 1800's at first increased as thousands of Welsh coal miners emigrated to America to work in the anthracite and bituminous mines of Pennsylvania. It was the heart of the original settlement, founded by John Carlysle Stewart in 1798, and remains the heart of the downtown. He traveled from Philadelphia to New Town (later named Wilmington) near the mouth of the Cape . Should Joseph Pennock be part of William Penn's Pennsylvania Settlers community? [29], Some 2,000 immigrants from Wales and another nearly 6,000 second-generation Welsh became farmers in Kansas, favoring areas close to the towns of Arvonia, Emporia and Bala. Goronwy Owen, an Anglican Vicar born at Y Dafarn Goch, in the parish of Llanfair Mathafarn Eithaf in Anglesey and whose contribution to Welsh poetry is most responsible for the subsequent Welsh eighteenth century Renaissance,[13] emigrated to Williamsburg, in the Colony of Virginia. This map provides context for both settlements and outlines the contributions that these settlements made to the history of Pennsylvania. Could part of the problem be the repeated re-drawing of the counties around Philadelphia? For further information, see United States. 2 0 obj The following work lists some American wills proved in the Prerogative Court of Canterbury: For more information, see Probate Records. In the late 17th century, there was significant Welsh immigration to Pennsylvania for religious and cultural reasons. To understand the reason for Welsh immigration it helps to have an overview of the history of the people of Wales. [15] Welsh Immigration to America: History for kids In the 19th century, thousands of immigrants left Wales to seek a better life in North America, settling in significant numbers in New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania and Wisconsin. Few Welsh settled in South Africa until a group of 3,675 British subjects settled in Eastern Cape Province in 1820. Welsh Immigration In the early nineteenth century Welsh immigrants were mainly engaged in farming or mining. [14], According to Marcus Tanner, large scale Welsh immigration following the American Revolution began in the 1790s, when 50 immigrants left the village of Llanbrynmair for a tract of Pennsylvania land purchased by Baptist minister Rev. [10] It is possible these were the same six Sevier referred to, as the number, brass plates and Welsh coat of arms are consistent with both references. I've found branches of several families of already started on wikitree, but several are pretty tangled. History of Welsh Immigration to America: Who are the Welsh?This article contains interesting facts, statistics and the history of Welsh Immigration to America. The early Welsh immigrants to Pennsylvania were mostly Quakers who had borne the brunt of religious persecution in their English homeland. Owen as an example for bards at future eisteddfodau to emulate. Naturalization applications and petitions. Anne R. Kaplan, Marjorie's A. Hoover, & Willard B. Moore (1986), Phillips G. Davies, "The Welsh Settlements in Minnesota: The Evidence of the Churches in Blue Earth and Le Sueur Counties,", Phillips G. Davies, "The Welsh in Kansas: Settlement, Contributions and Assimilation,", David Maldwyn Ellisd, "The Assimilation of the Welsh in Central New York,", Bill Jones, and Ronald L. Lewis, "Gender and Transnationality among Welsh Tinplate Workers in Pittsburgh: The Hattie Williams Affair, 1895,", Learn how and when to remove this template message, National Gymanfa Association of the United States and Canada, "American Community Survey - 2019 - 1-Year Estimates - Table B04006", "The Welsh diaspora: Analysis of the geography of Welsh names", "Wales link in US presidential candidate's past", "The Education of a Southern Gentleman: Jefferson Davis", "DNR: Outdoor Indiana - March/April 2011 - Featured Stories", "The Madoc legend lives in Southern Indiana: Documentary makers hope to bring pictures to author's work", "A rank Republican (and) a leveller: William Jones", "Welsh Ancestry Search - Welsh Genealogy by City", "Data Wales: The Welsh and slavery in America", "A Welsh Settlement in Scott County, Tennessee", "BBC News - Welsh church in Los Angeles holds final Sunday service", "The Brit List: The 10 Most British Towns in America", "St. David's Day Festival-National Day of Wales", "Welsh artists to descend on Hollywood this coming St David's Day - Wales World WideWales World Wide", "BBC NEWS - Wales - South West Wales - Tiny US town's big Welsh heritage", "BBC - Mid Wales National Library - Wales - Ohio Project", "The 2013 Los Angeles St David's Festival National Day of Wales - Welsh Icons News", "Occupational Mobility and Social Status: The Welsh Experience in Sharon, Pennsylvania, 18801930", Cardiff Centre for Welsh American Studies, A timeline of the history of Wales and details of some of the communities in the U.S. where Welsh influence is most important, Patterns of Welsh settlement in the United States in the first half of the 20th century, Madog Center for Welsh Studies, University of Rio Grande, Welsh Comings and Goings: The history of migration in and out of Wales. Celebrating Newark's Founding and Development - News Some of the settlers migrated to Knoxville, while others migrated to other parts of the United States. Welsh and Italian immigrants who settled in the area. "; Some records are indexed. After 1682, English and Welsh settlers from Pennsylvania moved into Maryland and Virginia. You may learn your ancestors place of origin by talking to older family members. See the Author/Title Search of the FamilySearch Catalog for works by these authors. The following is a short list of notable Welsh artists and actors that have lived and worked in the Los Angeles area: D. W. Griffith, Catherine Zeta-Jones, Richard Burton, Rosemarie Frankland, Michael Sheen, Glynis Johns, Ioan Gruffudd, Ivor Barry, Cate Le Bon, Anthony Hopkins, Tom Jones, Katherine Jenkins, and Terry Nation, among others. History of Welsh Immigration to America: The Welsh LegacyWelsh Immigration to America left an important legacy to the United States. Microfilm copies of many of these records are at the FamilySearch Library. It is read as "TH.". Beyond red dragons on street signs: cultural expression among the Welsh Some communities in the area formerly comprising the Welsh Tract were subsequently given Welsh or Welsh-sounding names to improve their perceived desirability. 42-029-83664. (*#FgQ$U@rJRivS { !u|b QDZHayZ,$1F[yEZ'kQMtRu~>le83Alv#vwv=>HTeJ+Bw&emfgC6S8e$!}",u*&l7w_4Y]?\(M)*Mv ]C7SMVTL zU;:-{ Strongly Republican, the Welsh gradually assimilated into the larger society without totally abandoning their own ethnic cultural patterns. "; They came at the invitation of William Penn, and the first group arrived in the early 1680s. Before 1836 only Cape Province had white settlements. Could part of the problem be the repeated, The family of William Carver, 1682 emigrant from Herefordshire to Pennsylvania. Some, such as North Wales, Lower Gwynedd, Upper Gwynedd, Lower Merion, Upper Merion, Narberth, (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); History of Welsh Immigration to America: The Welsh and the EnglishWales was first ruled by Welsh kings. %PDF-1.5 One area with a strong Welsh influence is an area in Jackson and Gallia counties, Ohio, often known as "Little Cardiganshire". . "; months[7] = " This website is produced by the Siteseen network that specializes in producing free informative websites on a diverse range of topics. [32], After the Eastern European people, the Welsh people represents a significant minority there. Most went in the late nineteenth century. [15], In the 19th century, thousands of Welsh coal miners emigrated to the anthracite and bituminous mines of Pennsylvania, many becoming mine managers and executives. [36] However, higher cost of living and stricter immigration laws have affected the town once dubbed 'Little Britain'. BBC - Wales - History - Themes - The Welsh in North America These records may contain the name, age, occupation, destination, place of origin or birthplace, the ship, and date of arrival. "[15], In the early nineteenth century most of the Welsh settlers were farmers, but later there was emigration by coal miners to the coalfields of Ohio and Pennsylvania and by slate quarrymen from North Wales to the "Slate Valley" region of Vermont and Upstate New York. Look in the Place Search of the FamilySearch Catalog under: The British took South Africa from the Dutch in 1795. However this pledge was not ratified by the Argentinian Congress, out of fear that the British government would use the presence of the settlers as an excuse to seize Patagonia. Journey Through Hazardous Waters: Migration to Italy, Voting With Their Feet The Story of Migration from East to West, Contemporary Syrian Migration: How Sectarian Divides, Institutional Disorder, and a Weakened State in Middle Eastern Countries Helped Fuel the Rise of ISIS and Drive Contemporary Syrian Migration, The Welsh Colonization of Pennsylvania. The turn of the 20th century brought large numbers of the four most prominent slate quarrying groups- Welsh . in RC Ostergren and TR Vale, eds., Schlenther, Boyd Stanley. 30,000 Welsh Quakers immigrated to "New Wales" - Pennsylvania during the 1600's. Shortly before this, the colonists had reached an agreement with Argentina's minister of the interior, Guillermo Rawson, that the colony would be recognized as one of the states of Argentina when its population reached 20,000. The premier recent scholarly treatment of Welsh settlers in Tennessee is the work of Cardiganshire-born Harvard Professor Eirug Davies. [21] In other situations, slaves took on their own new identity of Freeman, Newman, or Liberty, while others chose the surnames of American heroes or founding fathers, which in both cases could have been Welsh in origin.[22]. The first settlers arrived at Nancy's Branch in Scott County in September, 1856. All of these immigration records are at the Public Record Office.[2]. The Knoxville Welsh Society is now defunct. At the time of the 1982 World's Fair, the building was known as the Strohaus. The American War of Independence (1775 - 1783) erupted and many Welsh Americans fought in the American Revolutionary War. The most significant early Welsh emigrants to America settled in the "Welsh Tract" of Pennsylvania. This site is a project of the Fall 2016 section of FYS-111, Migration: Now and Then, at Gettysburg College. 4 0 obj Typically, names of Welsh origin are concentrated in the mid-Atlantic states, New England, the Carolinas, Georgia and Alabama and in Appalachia, West Virginia and Tennessee. 0V];S\h5@t9ZWW;'P^UG)x{:Gp)' |S SB=.GSmQI8pFGbDKo 5uwMVYYL|szZxG{2Oxy 1\'XldNGSTf\"u^'-#"m[dd+=HeEQgxI;3s By*;luZII endobj months[9] = " Looking for accurate facts and impartial information? Her name was Jane Powys, the wife of Thomas Holbrook. "Religious identity as ethnic identity: The Welsh in Waukesha County." months[8] = " Get fast, free facts and information on a whole host of subjects in the Siteseen network of interesting websites. These lists, which usually give the emigrants name, age, occupation, address, and sometimes destination, are kept at the Public Record Office (see Wales Archives and Libraries for the address). A possible factor leading to this is slaves adopting the surnames of their former masters, though evidence for this is sparse. After this time conflicts frequently erupted between the English and the Welsh. "; [4], Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}400211N 752221W / 40.036389N 75.3725W / 40.036389; -75.3725. Subject. ", This page was last edited on 13 April 2023, at 18:59. Until his death on his cotton and tobacco plantation near Lawrenceville, Virginia in 1769, Rev. History of Welsh Immigration to America in the 1600's: Colonial AmericaWelsh Immigration to America dates back to Colonial times - at least one the Mayflower pilgrims claimed Welsh descent. Welsh Immigrants on the Great Plains The Evan Ezra Roberts farm in Nebraska. During the subsequent revival of the Eisteddfod, the Gwyneddigion Society held up the poetry of Rev. The result was the Welsh-American farming settlement of Cambria, Pennsylvania. Microfilm copies of many immigration records are available at the FamilySearch Library. These settlers are well-documented. Why did the Welsh immigrate to Canada? The Welsh tradition in Knoxville was remembered with Welsh descendants' celebrating St. David's Day until the early 21st Century. Welsh Immigration to America for Kids, Schools and Homework, *** Interesting, brief, short, fun facts about Immigration from Wales to America for kids, teachers and schools *** Brief Facts about Immigration from Wales to America - dates, numbers, law, history, reasons, impact and effect *** Interesting facts about the history of Immigration from Wales to America and brief reasons for the changes in migration patterns *** Welsh Immigration to America - important events in the history of America that impacted migrants from Wales *** Fast, fun facts about Immigration from Wales to America and the first migrants in the 1800's and 1900's *** Interesting, brief US Immigration History for kids and children, schools, homework projects on Welsh Immigration to America *** Brief overview of Immigration from Wales to America for Kids, Teachers Schools and Homework - free, educational resource. Emigration also increased during the gold rushes in Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, and the United States. "Free Speech, Free Press A Byth Free Men: The Welsh Language and Politics in Wisconsin. According to Marcus Tanner, large scale Welsh immigration following the American Revolution began in the 1790s, when 50 immigrants left the village of Llanbrynmair for a tract of Pennsylvania land purchased by Baptist minister Rev. The non-profit Coal Creek Watershed Foundation has spearheaded efforts to document and preserve the history of Welsh settlers in this region. ", Knowles, Anne Kelly. More serious crimes, including rebellion, were punished by a 14-year convict bond sentence. For several decades after this, many Welsh nonconformists immigrated to Pennsylvania. Difficult to determine where the individuals were at any of those times! Welsh: 91.52: Irish: 443: 3.02: TOTAL: 14,687: 100.6: Italian: 264: 1.80: Japanese: 1: The American pioneer:a monthly periodical, devoted to the objects of the Logan Historical Society; or, to collecting and publishing sketches relative to the early settlement and successive improvement of the country, Volume 1 (Google eBook) J. S. There are locations that seem to have been, at one point of time or another, in the following counties: Philadelphia, Chester, Montgomery, Schuylkill.I can find some marriage records, but no birth records at all, even into the 1830's. Jones, E. Morse. For several decades after this, many Welsh nonconformists immigrated to Pennsylvania. The promise however was not kept and by the 1690s the land had already been partitioned into different counties, and the Tract never gained self-government. "Immigrant trajectories through the rural-industrial transition in Wales and the United States, 17951850.". Once you have traced your family back to a Welsh emigrant, you must determine the parish he or she was from. [33] Notably, the choir of the church sang in the 1941 film How Green Was My Valley. Cambria County, the Latin name for Wales, was created from the surrounding counties as part of the movement to establish a new Welsh Colony. 1 Addeddate 2015-12-30 14:09:13 City Harrisburg, [Pa.] Identifier WelshInPennsylvania Identifier-ark [39], Mormon missionaries in Wales in the 1840s and 1850s proved persuasive, and many converts emigrated to Utah. web pages In the 2008 U.S. Census community survey, an estimated 1.98 million Americans had Welsh ancestry, 0.6% of the total U.S. population. Some list the immigrants birthplace, residence in Wales, and education; his or her mothers maiden name and parents names; and his or her fathers name, occupation, and residence. Why do so many Black Americans have Welsh names? C. Williams in 1864. The first organized settlement occcured in the 1850s, inspired by Reverend Samuel Roberts, a Congregational pastor from Llanbrynmair, Montgomeryshire. These early settlements became the nucleus for later migration into Wisconsin, Minnesota, Illinois, Missouri, and Iowa. Other tribes and ethnic groups, notably the Anglo-Saxons from England merged with the Celts however the native Welsh people maintained their own distinct culture, language and held strong nationalist sentiment. However, passengers from Europe or the Mediterranean did not have to be listed. Look in the Place Search of the FamilySearch Catalog under: A group of Welsh people sailed on the Mimosa and founded a settlement in Patagonia, Argentina, in the nineteenth century. months[3] = " Locate all of the popular, fast and interesting websites uniquely created and produced by the Siteseen network. months[11] = "The diverse range of websites produced by the Siteseen Network have been produced to help you conduct research on many topics of interest. The best known of the Welsh colonies, the colony in the Chubut Valley of Patagonia known as Y Wladfa Gymreig ("The Welsh Colony"), was established in 1865 when 153 settlers landed at what is now Puerto Madryn. Immigration to the British Isles was primarily from continental Europe. [35], Santa Monica, California was named one of the most British towns in America due to its commerce and British migrants who came during a post World War II boom in factory production, many of whom were Welsh. Movements within the United Kingdom (England, Scotland, Ireland, and Wales) and also the Isle of Man and Channel Islands, to the colonies required no documents. The signers of the Declaration of Independence of Welsh ancestry included William Floyd, Button Gwinnett, Francis Lewis, Lewis Morris and Robert Morris. Immigrants flocked to New Castle from European countries. History of Welsh Immigration to America: Indentured ServantsWelsh Immigration to America increased as Welsh gained access to America as Indentured Servants. "; Welsh Immigration to America for kidsThis article contains a brief overview of Welsh Immigration to America from the first Immigrants through the 1800's and 1900's. These Welsh families settled primarily in an area now known as Mechanicsville in the city of Knoxville. Many Quakers from Wales emigrated to Pennsylvania in the 17th century with a promise from William Penn that they would be allowed to set up a Welsh colony there. Having first met at donated space at the Second Presbyterian Church, the immigrant Welsh built their own Congregational Church with the Reverend Thomas Thomas serving as the first pastor in 1870. Yet, the Welsh who were briefly the largest ethnic group in Pennsylvania are rarely given the recognition of their significance in Pennsylvanias history. It can be seen as part of the more general British colonization of the Americas. With the Civil War, many Welshmen began moving west, especially to Michigan and Wisconsin. Based on years of extensive research conducted in Wales, this work consists of genealogical notices of Welsh emigrants to Pennsylvania, mainly between 1682 and 1700. One of the earliest groups of Welsh emigrants was the John Miles congregation of Baptists who settled in Rehoboth, Massachusetts. Through this project I have learned much about the history of my home state and a great deal about a group that, while influential, is often forgotten about in Pennsylvanias classrooms. Others, such as Tredyffrin and Uwchlan have independent Welsh names. Brown, Lothrop publishing, page 23. Los Angeles and San Francisco have attracted Welsh artists and actors in various fields of the arts and entertainment industry. PDF Early Welsh Immigration to Pennsylvania - Bangor Episcopal Church Pennsylvania Emigration and Immigration FamilySearch Alphabetically arranged, it relates to nearly 300 families and 2,000 individuals, with pedigrees and charts of the first arrivals. By 1855, there were four thousand Welshmen in Oneida. Sir William Vaughan sent Welsh colonists to Renews, Newfoundland in 1617 to establish a permanent colony, which eventually failed. While the title of this page is The Welsh Colonization of Pennsylvaniathere was never a colony in the formal sense, rather in both cases the Welsh sought to create semi-autonomous settlements within the larger colony (commonwealth by the time of the second attempt) of Pennsylvania. Judges came from Salt Lake City to choose the best vocal and instrumental numbers and recitations.