Ask for dressing, sauce, or gravy on the side. Incorporating sauerkraut in a patient's diet can help prevent H.pylori activity from spreading. Whole grains like oatmeal, quinoa, and brown rice are all excellent choices. Serve over cooked quinoa and top with salsa and avocado. Gastritis and gastroenteritis are two different conditions, affecting different parts of the digestive system. These are ideal foods because they are bland and have fiber, which is important for gastrointestinal health. It requires refrigeration to protect its healing properties. When firm, place the spinach and cheese over half of the omelet and fold the other half over the top. Zucchinis can be peeled too to reduce fiber intake. Grilled salmon. 10 Breakfast Ideas for People with Acid Reflux - Verywell Health Simply mix together diced vegetables, such as peppers, onions, and mushrooms, and add them to a baking dish. This includes spicy foods, coffee, alcohol, and acidic fruits and vegetables. For example, drinking a large amount of alcohol may cause acute erosive gastropathy, and food allergies may cause gastritis. A gastritis diet can help to reduce gastritis symptoms caused by inflammation of the stomach lining. Knowing what to eat when you have gastritis can go a long way in avoiding symptoms. Lactobacillus Plantarum, the dominant bacteria species in sauerkraut, shows anti-Helicobacter properties. Oats, especially steel cut and/or rolled cut, provide one of the highest sources of beta-glucan-a particular type of fermentable soluble fiber. While you should avoid caffeine, some people with mild gastritis can tolerate weak tea or coffee with a splash of low-fat milk or non-dairy creamer. Gastritis Diet: What to Eat and What to Avoid - Healthline The factors included both eating habits and specific foods. However, in a small number of cases, foods, drinks, or supplements may play a role. Below, we list some of them. People with gastritis should also avoid tomato products, onions, and sugar. Have a banana or cup of yogurt early and then mid-morning, enjoy a snack of hot cereal or a small smoothie. Eat small meals more often. (Note: Is this article not meeting your expectations? Spread with hummus or mashed avocado and top with diced tomatoes and spinach. Even if you are careful to order safe foods, they may contain ingredients (like black pepper) that can spur symptoms. You can also adapt your meal plans if you are following a special diet. Wean yourself off coffee or limit yourself to one cup if you just can't bear to give it up. Start with a base of yogurt, almond milk, or coconut milk, then add frozen fruit and a scoop of protein powder. There are certain foods that should be eaten when suffering from gastritis and ulcers because they have a cooling effect on the lining of the stomach and can ease the internal inflammation. Work with your healthcare provider or a registered dietitian to develop a gastritis diet plan that meets your needs. GERD Diet: Foods That Help with Acid Reflux (Heartburn) Without treatment, however, gastritis can become chronic, or long term. Eat smaller meals often and never fill up on food because a full stomach increases chances of acid reflux and can further worsen the condition. However, people with gastritis should avoid excess fat, so skip French fries and instead opt for baked, roasted, or boiled potatoes served with little or no butter. However, in a 2020 study, over 58% of people with chronic gastritis said dietary factors affected their symptoms. If you've been diagnosed with gastritis, you're all too familiar with the symptoms of this uncomfortable condition. There is always a potential for foods and drinks to affect certain drugs. Mash a ripe banana and mix with an egg. We avoid using tertiary references. Researchers have not confirmed a link between nutrition and most types of gastritis. This is especially true when it comes to breakfast, as this meal sets the tone for the rest of the day. J Res Med Sci. Choose lean poultry and grilled or broiled seafood (not fried). There is also some evidence to suggest that cranberry juice may be useful in treating H. pylori infection. Heat a non-stick pan over medium heat and cook the batter like pancakes. Also include applesauce, apple juice, skim milk, and light-flavored, low-fat cheeses. Learn more. But they may cause discomfort if you have gastritis and eat or drink these foods. Pepper and other spices can aggravate the stomach lining. Nausea. foods with a lot of sugar or honey in them. Peppermint tea is a better choice though. if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[250,250],'natureword_com-leader-1','ezslot_9',105,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-natureword_com-leader-1-0');Remember to cook without grease, except for an occasional tablespoon of fresh, extravirgin olive oil in some dishes or half of a ripe avocado once or twice a week, if its good for you. Verywell Health's content is for informational and educational purposes only. Is the ketogenic diet right for autoimmune conditions? Avoid caffeine, sugary drinks, soda, energy drinks, acidic juices (orange or tomato juice), and alcohol, including wine, beer, and cocktails. Continue to split up other meals throughout the day to get all the calories and nutrition you need, without overloading a sensitive stomach lining. In short: If a food makes your symptoms worse, don't eat it. Before going to a restaurant, check the menu online. It can cause nausea, abdominal pain or vomiting. Plain cereals, such as corn flakes or cream of rice, are low in fat, quick to fix and easy to digest. But most cases of gastritis and ulcers care caused by an H. pylori infection, which causes major disruptions in the acidic balance of the stomach and gut flora. Hummus is a great source of plant-based protein, and it tastes delicious when spread on toast. 4. Not eating or drinking things that can irritate your stomach lining. If you suffer from gastritis, your diet is likely one of the first things you think about. How to Eat Out and Have a Healthy Breakfast, Seattle Cancer Care Alliance: Introduction to Gastrointestinal Diets, University of Maryland Medical Center: Gastritis, Seattle Cancer Care Alliance: Gastrointestinal Diet 2, American University: Healthy Breakfast Recipes. I am relatively new to suffering from gastritis, the truth was I never worried about eating healthy or if what I ate was good for my body. People may react differently to specific foods. French omelet stuffed with turkey breast made with very little oil. Current Knowledge and Ongoing Research", Long-term use of medications such as aspirin or ibuprofen, Acidic foods, such as tomatoes and citrus fruits, Acidic beverages, such as coffee, fruit juice and cola. The key to the gastritis diet is avoiding acidic and spicy foods and eating low-acid, low-sugar foods instead. what can i eat with gastritis? I know i cant eat caffeine - Reddit Nine Foods to Relieve Gastritis - Step To Health However, if you are experiencing symptoms that make eating difficult, plain white rice or white potato can be easier to digest. Certain classes of antibiotics also interact with medications used to treat gastritis. Here's a list of suggested foods that may help keep your gastroparesis in check: eggs smooth or creamy peanut butter bananas white breads, low fiber or refined cereals, and low fat crackers fruit. Plant-based proteins like beans, lentils, and tofu are also good options. Option 3 Vegetable broth with allowed vegetables. Herbs have been used for thousands of years to heal the body and there are quite a few effective herbal remedies for gastritis. whole-grain breads, crackers, or pasta. A healthy breakfast includes a balance of complex carbohydrates and protein with a small amount of fat. Lactose is a form of sugar found in milk and other dairy products. Below is a list of recommended foods to help with a diet for gastritis and reflux. Eat at least 3 hours before lying down to reduce the likelihood of experiencing acid reflux and further digestive upset. Probiotics: What you need to know. Gastritis refers to the inflammation of the stomach lining. The participants reported that the following factors worsened symptoms: Specific food types that seemed to aggravate symptoms were: Foods that appear to increase the risk of inflammation are: Learn more about how processed foods affect a persons health. Grains help to promote regular bowel movements, which help to prevent or reduce gastritis symptoms. Combine rolled oats, chia seeds, almond milk, and a pinch of salt in a jar. What to eat with gastritis Option 1 Defatted chicken broth prepared with allowed vegetables. Aim to include a balance of macronutrients in your breakfast. Avoid fatty breakfast meats, such as bacon and sausage, because they can increase inflammation and cause heartburn and indigestion. Are potatoes safe to eat if you have gastritis? Most clinicians recommend a two-stage approach: 1 First, stick to a regular meal pattern while reducing insoluble fiber, alcohol, caffeine, spicy foods, and fat. It helps reduce irritation. Another study suggests that probiotics may help speed up the healing of gastric ulcers, though it is important to note that most studies on this topic have involved animal models. And skip the side of salty, processed breakfast meat like bacon or sausage. Contact Us Disclaimer Cookies Policy Privacy Policy, 30 minutes 1 hour before breakfast: 1 tablespoon of Aloe vera. Gastritis is an uncomfortable inflammation of your stomach lining. In some people, though, they may add to digestive symptoms. Sign Up for the Latest Health News and Tips, Home Food and Nutrition Diet for Gastritis: Foods to Eat and Avoid. The key is to eat a wide variety of approved foods whenever possible. Foods that contain beneficial probiotic bacteria include: Additionally, a 2015 study found that kimchi helped slow the spread of H.pylori infection in mice. This form is best avoided by anyone looking to keep their gastritis symptoms under control. Some studies suggest that people who fast (as with Islamic faith practice during Ramadan) show a rise in gastric acid, which presents a bleeding risk in those with an existing condition like peptic ulcer disease. Make it a mild sausage, too, because you want to avoid heavy spice. Effect of Ramadan fasting on acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Eating food infected with pathogens can lead to diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. Jay Yepuri, MD, MS, is a board-certified gastroenterologist and a practicing partner at Digestive Health Associates of Texas (DHAT). If an individual seeks help promptly, a doctor can address any underlying conditions. Depending on the severity of the gastritis and the symptoms you are experiencing, the diet can be pursued for as little as 1 month or as long as 3 months. To reap its benefits, pour a tablespoon of this oil in a cup of warm water or warm milk. Chronic gastritis. Eat apples cooked (stewed, boiled, baked) and without skin so they dont upset the stomach. Eat 4-6 times a day. A healthy breakfast with gastritis: 5 options These foods include broccoli sprouts and highbush blueberry juice. Now that you know what to look for in a gastritis-friendly breakfast, here are 10 delicious and nutritious ideas to get you started. if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'natureword_com-mobile-leaderboard-1','ezslot_13',110,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-natureword_com-mobile-leaderboard-1-0');The egg yolks do carry most of the fat content of eggs and if its too much for you, you can always have egg white and still get generous amounts of protein. Easily Digestible Breakfast | livestrong Aloe vera for gastritis treatment should be the natural, bitter, unsweetened aloe vera gel extracted from the plant leaves. As long as a particular food doesn't cause you a problem, you can enjoy it. Here are some foods that can play a role in an anti-inflammatory diet: leafy green vegetables, such as cabbage, kale, spinach, and arugula oily fish, such as salmon, mackerel, and sardines nuts,. People can avoid H. pylori infection the most common cause of gastritis by maintaining appropriate hygiene habits and cooking food safely. Eating certain foods can worsen these symptoms, so its important to be mindful of what youre eating. This article explains the gastritis diet, what you eat, and what foods you should avoid. Not all people with gastritis are bothered by the same foods. Required fields are marked *. Top your toast or low-fat muffin with sugar-free jelly instead of butter or margarine, and replace butter and syrup on pancakes with non-fat yogurt and fresh, non-citrus fruit. Yes, plain eggs are a good source of protein to eat when you have gastritis. Bland diet for gastritis, ulcers, diarrhea, and reflux disease Anything too unripe (green bananas) or too ripe (bananas that have extensive black spots on skin and are starting to smell like a fruity alcohol) are not good. "It provides the right amount of protein to set you up well for the day, providing you sustained energy." Choose a high-fiber bread and be creative with ingredients like chia seeds or flaxseed, which will further help you feel satiated . do not eat 3 to 4 hours before going to bed. Hypoglycemia can bring on feelings of nausea or extreme hunger. Be careful with allergies: eggs, honey, avocado, celery, herbs for tea are common allergens. Planning to Get Dental Veneers? About 20% of the population has gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) , a chronic acid reflux condition that's diagnosed by a doctor. Gastritis is often a temporary condition, but it can be long-lasting. Gastritis, University of Maryland Medical Center web site; http://umm.edu/health/medical/altmed/condition/gastritis/, last accessed March 22, 2016. Foods to eat and avoid on a gastritis diet - Medical News Today RT @JeanDmello: Eat breakfast. Or gastritis will screw your life. - Twitter However, gastritis can develop as individuals with H. pylori get older. Probiotics can be effective in healing H. fresh berries and citrus. Additionally, be sure to drink plenty of fluids and avoid eating large meals, as this can also worsen your symptoms. Staying hydrated is key for managing gastritis symptoms. Here are 33 foods and drinks that a person can consume if they have stomach flu. Because of this, doctors often start treatment with a simple elimination diet to remove offending foods that are generally known to cause gastritis symptoms in most people. whole milk . We link primary sources including studies, scientific references, and statistics within each article and also list them in the resources section at the bottom of our articles. When the disease be in the acute stage, the person best to eat oats, semolina and buckwheat porridge on the water. Here are some tips on how to do just that. Peptic ulcers (open sores that develop within the digestive system) often accompany gastritis, and the act of eating is what most often triggers the pain associated with these two gut issues. Also, the younger the zucchini, the more tender and the more digestible its fiber. 1 Week Gastritis Diet Plan (My Personal Experience) - Scribd Best foods to eat and avoid on an upset stomach - Medical News Today Protein helps keep you full and provides essential amino acids. What Can a Child with Gastritis Eat? - youaremom.com Gastroparesis Diet: Foods to Avoid, Foods to Eat, and Recipes - Healthline Stress can increase gastric acid levels, which may result in irritation of the cells lining the stomach. How Viagra became a new 'tool' for young men, Ankylosing Spondylitis Pain: Fact or Fiction, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), https://www.arthritis.org/health-wellness/healthy-living/nutrition/anti-inflammatory/anti-inflammatory-diet, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK544250/, https://www.arthritis.org/health-wellness/healthy-living/nutrition/healthy-eating/best-spices-for-arthritis, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24552752/, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5540319/, https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/gastritis-gastropathy, https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2012/11/gut-feelings-about-gastritis, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4745743/, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4906699/, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7368216/, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK499926, https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/probiotics-what-you-need-to-know, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33978391/, https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.3109/00365521.2015.1019918, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23090045/, Gut microbiome appears to fluctuate throughout the day and across seasons, One-hour endoscopic procedure could eliminate the need for insulin for type 2 diabetes, New clues to slow aging? Preparation: In a bowl, beat the eggs with the milk, salt and pepper. Peppermint and spearmint tea. Foods can be substituted according to personal preference. Fresh fruits and vegetables, whole grains, oats, lentils, peas, and beans are fiber-rich go-to foods. Mucus coats the stomach lining to prevent damage from gastric juice. Fried food, butter, and heavy cream should be avoided on the gastritis diet because they can aggravate inflammation of the stomach lining. 2013;18(3):230-233. You can always have chamomile, rooibos, or fennel tea when your stomach is upset. Gastritis Diet: 7 Foods To Avoid And 7 To Eat - CureJoy The Best Breakfast Foods for Gut Health - Allrecipes What to Eat When You Have Irritable Bowel Syndrome, 10 Breakfast Ideas for People With Acid Reflux, What to Eat After Colon Resection or Removal, Acute Gastritis: Temporary Pain Symptoms and Treatment, What to Eat After Surgery and What to Avoid, Full Liquid Diet Benefits and Indications, What to Eat When You Have Hemochromatosis, Effect of Ramadan fasting on acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding, Pernicious anemia or B12 deficiency, due to poor absorption of B12, Which symptoms you have and how severe they are, Other treatments your healthcare provider prescribes. This inflammation is due to damage to the lining of the stomach. With gastritis, it is important to plan meals and allow time for digestion in between. 21 Effective Home Remedies For Gastritis - STYLECRAZE The gastritis diet reduces the stomach inflammation of gastritis. Sources for Todays Article: We discuss how to avoid catching this flu and when to see a, Medical News Today has strict sourcing guidelines and draws only from peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical journals and associations. Most medications used to treat gastritis are not likely to interact with foods on the approved list. In this article, we will look at foods that may be helpful to eat and avoid with gastritis. Effervescent supplements in particular are a source of extreme stomach acidity. Everyone is different and has varied sensitivity so eat small amounts of stuff to see how your stomach handles it before going ham. Just make sure you get carbohydrates, protein and fats and a little fiber, but avoid spices and heavy season foods, acidic foods and fatty, fried foods. Gastritis, Medicine Net web site; http://www.medicinenet.com/gastritis/article.htm, last accessed March 22, 2016. What to Eat Approved Beans and legumes (as tolerated) Eggs, egg whites, or egg substitutes (not fried) Seafood, shellfish (not fried) Honey Low-acid vegetables (cucumber, white potato, carrots) Low-sugar, low-acid fruit (pumpkin, blueberries, strawberries, apples) Mild, low-salt cheese Oats, barley Peppermint, ginger, turmeric Plain, low-fat yogurt People with gastritis may benefit from eating berries, fermentable fibers, and whole grains. Add lettuce and tomato for even more nutrients. Keep a food diary to help you identify the foods that irritate your gastritis and avoid them at breakfast. Or gastritis will screw your life. If you find it difficult to stick to the diet or feel deprived over the food you shouldn't eat, talk to your healthcare provider. This hearty breakfast is packed with protein and vegetables. The stomach flu usually lasts for only a few days but symptoms can be highly unpleasant. Top with berries and a sprinkle of cinnamon. Plus, the natural sweetness of the fruit can help reduce the need for added sugar. Gastritis is an inflammation of the stomach lining that may be occasional or chronic. In general, everyone eats the main meal 3 times a day, namely breakfast, lunch and dinner or dinner. Foods high in fat or sugar can cause symptoms and should be avoided on the gastritis diet. With your own gastric diet recipes, you can keep a stash of safe meals in your freezer to heat up instead of getting takeout. Oatmeal, for example, with a splash of milk and chopped apple and cinnamon or sliced banana is digested pretty easily without irritating gastritis. All high-fat dairy products, except skim milk and low-fat cheese, Tomato products (sauce, paste, canned, juice), Soft drinks or any drinks with added sugar, Carbonated beverages (they increase stomach acid), Breakfast Two slices of whole grain toast with plum jam, Lunch Stewed skinless chicken breast with carrots or a cabbage salad, Dinner Brown rice with carrots and broccoli, Breakfast Millet-based porridge with raisins, honey, or almonds to taste, Snack Fruit or one cup of sweetened black or green tea (kombucha), Lunch A bowl of pumpkin soup, brown rice, and tofu, Dinner One medium-sized banana and probiotic yogurt with oat flakes added, Breakfast Two slices of whole grain bread with cheese spread and a rocket salad, Snack Lemon balm tea and one medium-sized banana, Lunch Baked trout and green salad with olive oil, Breakfast Oat flakes with almonds, honey, banana, and pumpkin seeds or sesame seeds, Lunch Skinless chicken breast with onion and garlic along with a carrot or beet salad, Breakfast Semolina porridge with soy milk and stevia to sweeten, Lunch Two eggs, one medium-sized potato, and a leek or beet salad, Dinner A banana shake with alfalfa sprouts, raspberries, and honey, Breakfast Dried fruit and a buckwheat salad, Dinner Steamed vegetables with mayonnaise and one slice of whole wheat bread, Breakfast One slice of corn flour bread and probiotic yogurt, Snack One medium-sized banana and kombucha, Lunch One piece each of skinless chicken thigh and drumstick with onions, Dinner Muesli balls made with oat flakes, orange juice, almonds, raisins, honey, cinnamon, and coconut flakes. As for the chicken soup, I would always have less soup and more absorbent ingredients like rice, risoni, plain noodles as well as plain boiled chicken. if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'natureword_com-leader-4','ezslot_12',108,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-natureword_com-leader-4-0');For me, the best solution was to drink water at least half an hour before a meal and at least half an hour after eating to not feel too full. Orange juice and coffee are breakfast staples, but they can both wreak havoc on a sensitive digestive system. Breakfast Diet for Gastritis - Weight Management | NoahStrength.com Scand J Gastroenterol. If youre looking for some inspiration for your next gastritis-friendly breakfast, try one of these delicious recipes. Following a gastritis diet menu may also prevent flare-ups while allowing one to enjoy daily activities. What you end up eating depends a lot on your tastes and personal tolerance. 13 Recipes for Gastritis - TheDiabetesCouncil.com Let sit overnight in the fridge, then top with your favorite fruits and nuts in the morning. Quinoa is a gluten-free grain that is packed with protein, fiber, and other essential nutrients. Spices to avoid when you have gastritis include all types of pepper (black, red, cayenne, or chili pepper), garlic, mustard, and nutmeg. They may recommend a therapist who works with people who have food issues. Nutritional practices that may help manage inflammation include: Which foods have a high glycemic load? Here are some foods that can play a role in an anti-inflammatory diet: Garlic, ginger, turmeric, and other spices may also have anti-inflammatory properties. Plain cereals, such as corn flakes or cream of rice, are low in fat, quick to fix and easy to digest. Also keep in mind that not everyone reacts the same way to the same foods so what has been good for me, for example, may not necessarily be good for you. A feeling of fullness in your upper abdomen after eating. When it comes to creating a gastritis-friendly breakfast menu, there are certain foods that are especially beneficial. Grilled eggplant. Other symptoms might be a rapid or irregular heartbeat, or even blurred vision. Diet For Ulcers And Gastritis - Foods to Eat & Avoid - Drugs.com Oatmeal is beneficial to your body, including aiding in heart health, so of course, it would play an important role when focusing on your gut health as well. Baked Eggs with Veggies Cranberry and cran-raspberry juice, nectars and diluted apple or grape juice are substitutes suggested by Seattle Cancer Care Alliance on its list of easily digested foods. An effective gastritis diet plan consists of eating relatively bland foods, low in dietary fiber.if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'natureword_com-medrectangle-3','ezslot_5',122,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-natureword_com-medrectangle-3-0'); The purpose is to eat foods that are the least likely to upset the already inflamed stomach lining and give the stomach time to regenerate and recover. These will not cause gastritis. The gastritis diet is easily modified to fit personal food preferences and health conditions. Slice a sweet potato into thin slices and toast in the toaster until lightly browned. Other causes include lifestyle choices, such as the use of tobacco or alcohol, and various health conditions, such as Crohns disease. Some herbs interact with medications, so make sure to check with your doctor if you are on medication and choose to use one or all of the following. Foods that soothe gastritis, such as broccoli sprouts and yogurt, are recommended because they are known to balance out the acidity in the stomach and cool the internal system. Proper nutrition for gastritis issues is critical in treatment and healing. If you experience constipation, you can slowly introduce more of the mentioned vegetables into your diet to help with bowel movements. pylori activity. You can even add a drizzle of honey for extra sweetness. Cooked quinces or pears can be good alternative to cooked apples. Onion may help relieve gastritis. She is also the author of "Ask Me About My Uterus: A Quest to Make Doctors Believe in Women's Pain.". Breakfast tips and recipes for gastritis - canalk.com Foods to Avoid during Gastritis, The Times of India web site; http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/health-fitness/diet/Foods-to-avoid-during-gastritis/articleshow/29410833.cms, last accessed March 22, 2016. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Gastritis may result from a number of factors, explains Harvard Health Publishing. These foods commonly irritate the stomach lining. Berries with a low-fat non-dairy whipped topping or fat-free ricotta cheese make a sweet dessert that shouldn't irritate your stomach. In general, a diet for gastritis sufferers eliminates: Fatty foods. if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'natureword_com-mobile-leaderboard-2','ezslot_15',109,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-natureword_com-mobile-leaderboard-2-0');Remove the skin on the chicken because it is a source of fat that can upset the stomach.